德國(guó)教育;德國(guó)教育體制

FROM MAY 1ST the proud holders of doc-torates will no longer be allowed to put the title Dr in front of their name in Ger-man passports. For a country obsessed with qualifications-Prof Drs are fairly common and even Dr Drs not so rare-this decline in standing may be hard. But it is not as hard as the decline in German edu-cational standards. The most recent results from three very different testing regimes, comparing pu-pils of varied ages, point in a single direc-tion: downwards. The best-known, the Programme for International Student As-sessment (PISA), tests performance in maths, reading and science among 15-year- olds across some 80 countries every three years. Its most recent scores confirm steep plunges in all three subjects in the past de-cade in Germany.

從5月1日起，持有博士學(xué)位的人將不再被允許在德國(guó)護(hù)照上將“博士”稱號(hào)放在他們的名字前面。對(duì)于一個(gè)對(duì)資格證書(shū)如此執(zhí)著的國(guó)家來(lái)說(shuō)——博士教授相當(dāng)普遍，甚至博士也不少見(jiàn)——這種地位的下降可能會(huì)很難接受。但這并不像德國(guó)教育標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的下降那么嚴(yán)重。最近三種完全不同的測(cè)試制度的結(jié)果，比較了不同年齡段學(xué)生的表現(xiàn)，都指向一個(gè)共同的方向：下降。最知名的是國(guó)際學(xué)生評(píng)估項(xiàng)目（PISA），它每三年在大約80個(gè)國(guó)家對(duì)15歲的學(xué)生進(jìn)行數(shù)學(xué)、閱讀和科學(xué)表現(xiàn)的測(cè)試。其最新的成績(jī)確認(rèn)了過(guò)去十年德國(guó)在這三個(gè)科目上的急劇下降。

A separate study that measures reading competence among fourth-graders across 65 countries, known by the acronym IGLU, found that 25.4% of the German cohort lacked adequate skills in 2021, up from 18.9% five years earlier and 17% in 2001. Meanwhile the latest survey of German- language competence among ninth-grad-ers by IQB, an educational-research insti-tute that compares outcomes between German states, found that the proportions nationwide that fail to reach minimum standards in reading, listening and spell-ing had risen respectively by 9, 16 and 9 percentage points since 2015.

另一項(xiàng)測(cè)量65個(gè)國(guó)家四年級(jí)學(xué)生閱讀能力的獨(dú)立研究，被稱為IGLU，發(fā)現(xiàn)2021年德國(guó)學(xué)生中有25.4% 缺乏足夠的技能，而五年前這一比例為18.9%，2001年則為17%。與此同時(shí)，德國(guó)教育研究機(jī)構(gòu)IQB最新進(jìn)行的關(guān)于九年級(jí)學(xué)生德語(yǔ)能力的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，自2015年以來(lái)，未能達(dá)到閱讀、聽(tīng)力和拼寫(xiě)最低標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的學(xué)生比例在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)分別上升了9、16和9個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。